What are small text files that transfer information between web pages?

The correct choice, which is small text files that transfer information between web pages, is cookies. Cookies are used by websites to remember user preferences, login information, and sessions. When a user visits a website, the server may send a cookie to the user's browser, which stores it locally. This allows the website to maintain context as the user navigates from page to page, providing a more personalized and efficient browsing experience.

Cookies can store various data types, including user authentication tokens, shopping cart contents, and site preferences, which enhance usability. They play a crucial role in web functionality and user experience by enabling persistent states between sessions, making it easier for users to interact with the website over time.