What constitutes a part of preventative measures in information security?

Preventative measures in information security are strategies and actions taken to minimize risks and prevent security incidents from occurring. Monitoring logs serves this preventative function by allowing organizations to detect unusual activities or potential threats in real time. By continuously reviewing and analyzing logs, security personnel can identify early signs of an attack or breach, making it possible to take corrective actions before any damage occurs. This proactive approach plays a crucial role in averting security incidents and maintaining the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of information.

In contrast, data recovery focuses on restoring lost or compromised data after an incident has occurred, making it a reactive strategy rather than preventative. Penetration testing involves simulating attacks to find vulnerabilities, which is valuable for understanding security weaknesses but does not actively prevent incidents from happening at that moment. Incident reporting helps in documenting and analyzing security incidents after they occur, contributing to future prevention but is still a response to incidents rather than a preventative measure. Thus, monitoring logs distinctly fits into the category of actions that are directly aimed at preventing security breaches.