Which protocol is associated with attacks such as Ping of Death and Smurf Attack?

The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is the correct answer because it is specifically designed for network devices to communicate updates or error messages regarding the status of the network. The Ping of Death attack exploits ICMP by sending malformed or oversized packets using the ping command, which can cause system crashes in the targeted devices. Similarly, the Smurf Attack utilizes ICMP to amplify traffic by sending a ping request to multiple devices using a spoofed address, overwhelming the target with incoming traffic.

In contrast, the other protocols listed do not serve this function or are not inherently associated with such types of network-layer attacks. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is primarily used for transferring files; Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a connection-oriented protocol used for reliable data transmission, and Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is used for transferring web pages and resources. None of these protocols are designed for or commonly associated with the vulnerabilities that ICMP presents, making the choice of ICMP the most relevant to the question presented.