Which protocol is specifically designed to prevent switching loops in network environments?

The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is specifically designed to prevent switching loops in Ethernet networks. In a network with multiple switches, the possibility of creating loops can lead to broadcast storms and significant network disruption. STP addresses this issue by creating a loop-free topology by selectively blocking some of the paths between switches while allowing others to remain active. It dynamically discovers the network topology and makes adjustments as needed to prevent data packets from endlessly circulating in the network.

Spanning Tree Protocol operates by designating one root bridge and then determining the shortest path to this root for every other switch while blocking redundant paths. When a failure occurs in the network, STP can also react and re-enable the blocked paths to maintain connectivity.

The other protocols mentioned do not serve this specific purpose. ICMP is primarily used for error reporting and diagnostic functions in IP networks. TCP is a connection-oriented protocol that handles reliable data transmission, while HTTP is used for transferring hypertext over the web. These protocols do not address the issue of switching loops.