Which type of attack occurs when a hacker can monitor a smartphone user's conversation and camera?

The correct answer is bluebugging. This type of attack allows a hacker to gain unauthorized access to a mobile device through Bluetooth. Once access is obtained, the attacker can exploit the device to listen in on conversations, take control of the camera, and even send messages or make calls without the user's consent.

Bluebugging specifically targets vulnerabilities in Bluetooth technology, enabling the attacker to establish a connection with the device without the user's knowledge. The ability to monitor conversations and camera activity indicates a deeper level of access compared to other attacks, which may focus on sending unsolicited messages or simply making connections without such invasive capabilities.