Which type of attacks includes spoofing and cache poisoning?

The correct answer is DNS because both spoofing and cache poisoning attack methods specifically target the Domain Name System (DNS).

In DNS spoofing, an attacker alters DNS records to redirect users from legitimate websites to malicious ones without their knowledge. This can lead to various forms of attacks, including phishing and malware distribution, as users believe they are visiting a trusted site.

Cache poisoning, on the other hand, involves inserting false DNS answers into a DNS resolver's cache. Once this happens, anyone querying that resolver about the domain whose information has been tampered with will receive incorrect responses, sending users to potentially harmful sites instead of the intended destinations. This technique undermines the integrity of the DNS system by allowing attackers to control the navigational flow of users on the internet.

The other types of attacks mentioned do not directly involve DNS manipulation. SQL Injection focuses on exploiting vulnerabilities in database interactions, Brute Force attacks are aimed at gaining access by trying multiple passwords, and Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) involves injecting malicious scripts into web pages, which doesn't specifically relate to DNS operations. Thus, the identification of DNS as the type of attack that encompasses both spoofing and cache poisoning is accurate.